Entrant integrative capability and incumbent bias

This study models competition between an incumbent and a direct-selling entrant that bears integration costs. Stronger entrant integration can sometimes hurt both firms, while an incumbent's estimation bias can soften competition and, under some conditions, benefit both parties.

Meng Li, Chao Liang, Shichen Zhang (2026). Entrant integrative capability and incumbent bias. Production and Operations Management 35(4), 1469–1485.